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103 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
103 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
Operators
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To get more complicated expressions you combine them using operators.
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--Basic mathematics--
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MSE script supports most basic mathamatical operators:
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! Operator Example Description
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| @a + b@ @3 + 2 == 5@<br/> Add two numbers,
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@"3" + "2" == "32"@ concatenate two strings or compose two functions (see below)
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| @a - b@ @3 - 2 == 1@ Substract two numbers
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| @a * b@ @3 * 2 == 6@ Multiply two numbers
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| @a / b@ @3 / 2 == 1@<br/> Divide two numbers.<br/> Rounds towards zero for [[type:int]]s.<br/>
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@3 / 2.0 == 1.5@ Does not round for [[type:double]]s.
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| @a mod b@ @3 mod 2 == 1@ Take the remainder after integer division (modulo)
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| @-a@ @-(3 + 2) == -5@ Negate a number (make it negative if positive and vice versa)
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===The + operator===
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The @+@ operator has three functions
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* It adds [[type:int]]s (also [[type:double]]s), @1+1 == 2@
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* It concatenates strings, @"1" + "1" == "11"@
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* It composes [[type:function]]s @(f + g) () == g( input: f() )@
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--Comparison--
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It is also possible to compare values. All comparisons evaluate to either @true@ or @false@.
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! Operator Example Description
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| @a == b@ @1 + 1 == 2@<br/>
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@"x" == "x"@<br/>
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@1 + 1 == "2"@ Are two numbers or strings the same? @=@ can also be used instead.
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| @a != b@ @1 + 1 != 3@<br/>
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@"x" != "y"@ Are two numbers or strings different?
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| @a < b@ @1 < 2@<br/>
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@"x" < "y"@ Is a less than b? Uses [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographical_order|lexicographic order]] for strings.
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| @a > b@ @2 > 1@<br/>
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@"y" > "x"@ Is a greater than b?
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| @a <= b@ @1 <= 1@<br/>
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@"x" <= "y"@ Is a less than b or are they equal?
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| @a >= b@ @2 >= 1@<br/>
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@"x" >= "x"@ Is a greater than b or are they equal?
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--Booleans--
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[[type:Boolean]]s (for example from comparisons) can be combined using:
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| @a and b@ Are both @a@ and @b@ true?
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| @a or b@ Is at least one of @a@ and @b@ true?
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| @a xor b@ Is exactly one of @a@ and @b@ true?
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| @not a@ Is @a@ false?
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In a table:
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! @a@ @b@ <tt>a or b</tt> <tt>a and b</tt> <tt>a xor b</tt>
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| @false@ @false@ @false@ @false@ @false@
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| @false@ @true@ @true@ @false@ @true@
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| @true@ @false@ @true@ @false@ @true@
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| @true@ @true@ @true@ @true@ @false@
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--Grouping and order--
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Operators are ordered as usual, so
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> 1 + 2 * 3 == 1 + (2 * 3) == 7
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Operators can be grouped differently using parentheses.
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> (1 + 2) * 3 == 3 * 3 == 9
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The exact order of precedence is given in the following table,
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higher in the table means that this operator binds tighter to its arguments, @*@ binds tighter then @+@.
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| @a(...)@, @a.b@, @a[b]@ Function calls, property access, see below
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| @-a@, @not@ Unary operators
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| @*@, @/@, @mod@ Multiplication and division
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| @+@, @-@ Addition and substraction
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| @==@, @!=@, @<@, @>@, @<=@, @>=@ Comparisons
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| @and@, @or@, @xor@ Boolean operators
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| @:=@ Assignement, see below
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| @;@ Sequence, see below
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--Properties--
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Properties of types, as described in the [[type:index|data type section]] of the documentation, can be accessed using the @.@ operator:
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> set.cards # retrieve the 'cards' property of a set
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The @[]@ operator has a similair purpose, only the property retrieved is determined by a string, so it can be changed:
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> set["cards"] # same as above
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> c := "cards"
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> set[c] # again, the same
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Multiple uses of these operators can be combined, for example:
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> set.cards[0].card_color # the card color of the first card in the set
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Note that a property named @card color@ is refered to as @card_color@ when using the @.@ operator, all spaces become underscores.
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> style.padding left # syntax error
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> style.padding_left # use this instead
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--Assignment and sequence--
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Values can be assigned to [[script:variables]] using the @:=@ operator:
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> variable := 1 + 1
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The result of this expression is the value assigned, this can be used to assign to multiple variables:
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> var1 := var2 := 1 + 1
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> # now var1 == 2 and var2 == 2
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To combine multiple assignments into a single expression the ''sequencing operator'', @;@ can be used.
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This first executes an expression, discards the result and then evaluates another one:
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> var1 := 1 + 1 # assign
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> ; # discard the result (i.e. 2)
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> var1 * 2 # retrieve the value again, returns 4
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Semicolons at the end of a line can be omitted, so the above can also be written simply as:
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> var1 := 1 + 1
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> var1 * 2
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<div style="text-align:right;">next: <a href="variables">Variables and functions →</a></div>
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